*For Research Use Only*
Bile Tolerant Gram Negative (BTGN) Bacteria
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Bile-Tolerant Gram-Negative Bacteria
What organisms are classified as BTGN?
According to the United States Pharmacopeia’s website,
“There is no strict definition of this group of micro-organisms. They are defined operationally as those micro-organisms that show growth in the stated conditions on Violet Red Bile Glucose Agar medium. They include, Gram negative bacteria that grow in the presence of bile salts, non-lactose fermenting but able to utilize glucose, e.g., some Bile Tolerant Gram Negative Bacteria includes members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonads and Aeromonas.”
Because there is no strict definition for BTGN, and the operational definition is based on growth in a specific medium, developing a DNA-based test is difficult.
Where is Bile-Tolerant Gram Negative Testing Required?
The American Herbal Pharmacopeia and the United States Pharmacopeia both list BTGN in their monographs. There are several regulatory agencies that use those documents to set their testing requirements, including:
- Canada
- Colorado*
- Connecticut
- Florida*
- Hawaii
- Illinois
- Maine
- Massachusetts
- Minnesota
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- Puerto Rico
- Utah
- Washington
*Only required for select matrices, view each page for more information
Why Use qPCR for BTGN testing on Cannabis?
Peer-reviewed studies have shown that qPCR testing methods are able to more accurately detect and quantify bacteria species present on a cannabis sample than culture-based methods. The Bile-Tolerant Gram-Negative test looks for a specific DNA sequence that exists in all aerobic bacteria. Because of this, the Bile-Tolerant Gram-Negative test can detect all BTGN species, regardless of whether they grow in culture. Culture-based tests can only detect the species that grow in a given medium and timeframe. Conversely, qPCR can more effectively exclude off-target microbial species, such as yeasts and molds, which have been shown to grow in bactera culture medium.
We developed a simple method to collect microbial DNA samples from your plants. This enables anyone in the world to take advantage of our services because our kits produce a purified DNA sample which is 100% legal to mail. All you need are the same materials (tweezers, alcohol, etc) required for any of our other tests. If you would like to test something other than plant material please contact us before placing your order.
All testing is offered for research purposes only and not valid for regulatory certification.
Bile Tolerant Gram Negative (BTGN) Bacteria
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